Cutting edge: alum adjuvant stimulates inflammatory dendritic cells through activation of the NALP3 inflammasome.

Activation of the NALP3 Inflammasome Inflammatory Dendritic Cells through Cutting Edge: Alum Adjuvant Stimulates

Inflammasome-activating nanoparticles as modular systems for optimizing vaccine efficacy.

Innate immune system activation is a critical step in the initiation of an effective adaptive immune response; therefore, activation of a class of innate pathogen receptors called pattern recognition receptors (PRR) is a central feature of many adjuvant systems. It has recently been shown that one member of an intracellular PRR, the NLRP3 inflammasome, is activated by a number of classical adju...

Cutting edge: inflammasome activation by alum and alum's adjuvant effect are mediated by NLRP3.

Alum is the only adjuvant approved for routine use in humans, although the basis for its adjuvanticity remains poorly understood. We have recently shown that alum activates caspase-1 and induces secretion of mature IL-1beta and IL-18. In this study we show that, in human and mouse macrophages, alum-induced secretion of IL-1beta, IL-18, and IL-33 is mediated by the NLR (nucleotide-binding domain...

Identification of Bacterial Muramyl Dipeptide as Activator of the NALP3/Cryopyrin Inflammasome

Activation of caspase-1 and subsequent processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta is triggered upon assembly of the inflammasome complex. It is generally believed that bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are activators of the inflammasome through stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Like TLRs, NALP3/Cryopyrin, which is a key component of the inflammasome, contains...

Mechanisims of asthma and allergic disease – 1081. Resolvin inhibits the cryopyrin/nalp3 inflammasome

Background The inflammasome is a novel protein complex that stimulates caspase-1 activation to promote the processing and secretion of IL-1b, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is among the most biologically important inflammatory mediators in allergic airway diseases. Among the various types of inflammasomes, Cryopyrin/NALP3 has been suggested to be involved in sensing sterile stress response,...